Glossary
Diagnostic setting
The Azure Monitor configuration that sends a resource's logs (or the subscription's Activity Log) to Log Analytics, a storage account or Event Hubs.
A diagnostic setting tells Azure Monitor to send a resource's logs and metrics — for example Key Vault AuditEvent or storage StorageRead — to a Log Analytics workspace, a storage account or Event Hubs. At subscription scope, it exports the Activity Log beyond its 90-day retention.
Without one, resource logs are simply not collected, and nothing can be recovered later. Deleting one (microsoft.insights/diagnosticSettings/delete) is a classic defense-evasion step, recorded in the Activity Log. Microsoft's reference: Diagnostic settings in Azure Monitor.
Investigating deletions: Azure defense evasion.